4. Verb pairs that differ in causing
1. The following verbs have the sense of doing something to self and to others. They are weak and strong verbs respectively and differ in conjugation,. Make a sentence for each sense of the verb. You can use auxiliary verbs like இரு, கொள் (கிடு), விடு (–டு), போ with the verbal participial forms of the verbs. Translate the sentences you made.
Ex. மறை ‘hide oneself, hide something’
சூரியன் மேகத்துக்குள்ளே மறைஞ்சுது ‘The sun hid under the clouds’
சூரியனை மேகம் மறைச்சுது ‘The clouds hid the sun’
கிழி ‘get torn; tear’
ஒடி ‘get broken (into two); break (into two)’
அழி ‘get destroyed, erased; destroy, erase
ஒடை (உடை) ‘get broken; break’
கொறை (குறை) ‘get reduced; reduce’
பொதை (புதை) ‘get buried; bury’
வளர் ‘grow up, develop; grow (something), develop (something)’
சேர் ‘join in, get collected; join (some place or thing), collect’
கெடு ‘get spoiled; spoil’
2. The following verbs have similar sense differentiation as the above, but their forms are different and are derivationally related. Make a sentence for each verb and translate the sentences.
a. ஓடு ‘run’ ஓட்டு ‘make run or pass, drive’
b. ஆறு ‘get cool’ ஆத்து (ஆற்று) ‘cool (something)’
c. கருகு ‘burn (as food in cooking)’ கருக்கு ‘burn something (in cooking)’
d. போ ‘go’ போக்கு ‘make go (as dirt)’
e. நட ‘walk’ நடத்து ‘run (as an organization)’
f. கஷ்டப்படு ‘suffer’ கஷ்டப்படுத்து ‘make one suffer’
g. நில்லு (நில்) ‘stand’ நிறுத்து ‘stop’
h..திருந்து ‘correct oneself’ திருத்து ‘correct someone’
i..திரும்பு ‘turn’ திருப்பு ‘turn something’
j. தெரி ‘know’ தெரிவி ‘inform’
3. The following verbs have similar sense differentiation as above, but the causative verb is in its infinitive form and takes the auxiliary verb. Equivalent sentences in English would be ‘He ate’ and Mother made him eat’. Make a sentence for each verb and translate the sentences.
a. அழு ‘cry’ அழவை ‘make someone cry’
b. ஜெயி ‘win’ ஜெயிக்கவை ‘make someone win’
c. ஓடு ‘run’ ஓடவை ‘make run’
d. ஆறு ‘get cool’ ஆறவை / ஆறப்போடு ‘make (something) get cool ’
e. தூங்கு ‘sleep’ தூங்கவை /தூங்கப்போடு ‘make (someone like a child) sleep’
f. சாகு ‘die’ சாகடி ‘make someone die’
g. மற ‘forget’ மறக்கடி ‘make something to be forgotten’
4. Similar sense differentiation is made with different verbs. Some examples are below, where the causative verb is of the basic form. Equivalent sentences in English would be ‘My book got stolen’ and Someone stole my book’. Make a sentence for each verb and translate the sentences.
a. திருட்டுப்போ ‘get stolen’ திருடு ‘steal’
b. பிடிபடு ‘get caught’ பிடி ‘catch’
5. A few verbs are used in two senses similar to the above, but are not differentiated even in conjugation. In the non-causative sense, the verb has an inanimate object as its subject in the causative sense, the verb has a human subject. Equivalent sentences in English would be ‘My book sold well’ and ‘I sold my book’. Make a sentence for each sense and translate the sentences.
a. வில்லு (வில்) ‘get sold’ வில்லு (வில்) ‘sell (something)’